Q1. Which of the following surfaces has the highest albedo?
- Ocean water
- Black soil
- Crushed rock
- Snow
NCERT · Class 9
NCERT Class 9 Science: Chapter List and Official PDFs
All 13 chapters of the NCERT Class 9 Science textbook(s), with the section headings of each chapter and a link to the official PDF on ncert.nic.in. Open a chapter to see what it covers.
13 chapters
Exploration (Textbook of Science for Grade 9)
Chapter 1: Exploration: Entering the World of Secondary Science
- Chapter opener: from observing to exploring (magnifying glass and compass page-number symbols)
- Models: deciding what to include and what to ignore
- Scientific language, symbols, standard units and mathematics
- Observations, laws, theories and principles; making predictions
- Scientific theories are never final; checking claims with evidence
- Estimation
- Branches of science and their connections (Next Level Up boxes)
- Happy Exploring!
Chapter 2: Cell: The Building Block of LifeI: World of Living
- Chapter opener
- How to Study Cells?
- Structure of a Cell
- The Cell Interior — A Coordinated Working System
- How do Normal Cells Grow and Divide?
- Cell Theory — The Unifying Principle of Biology
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- The Journey Beyond
Chapter 3: Tissues in ActionI: World of Living
- Chapter opener
- Why are Plant and Animal Tissues Different?
- Tissues for Growth in Plants
- Animal Tissues
- The Musculoskeletal System
- Types of Joints
- Skeletal System
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- The Journey Beyond
Chapter 4: Describing Motion Around UsIII: Motion, Force, Work and Sound
- Chapter opener
- Motion in a Straight Line
- Graphical Representation of Motion
- Kinematic Equations for Motion in a Straight Line with Constant Acceleration
- Motion in a Plane
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- The Journey Beyond
Chapter 5: Exploring Mixtures and their SeparationII: Matter - Its Nature and Behaviour
- Chapter opener
- How Can We Classify Mixtures?
- Solutions
- Methods of Separation of Homogeneous Mixtures
- How Can We Separate the Components of Heterogeneous Mixtures?
- Tyndall Effect
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- The Journey Beyond
Chapter 6: How Forces Affect MotionIII: Motion, Force, Work and Sound
- The Concept of Force
- Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
- The Force of Friction: Often Overlooked but Always Present
- Newton’s First Law of Motion
- Newton’s Second Law of Motion
- Newton’s Third Law of Motion
- Forces Acting on a System of Objects
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- The Journey Beyond
Chapter 7: Work, Energy, and Simple MachinesIII: Motion, Force, Work and Sound
- Chapter opener
- Work Done by a Constant Force
- The Work-Energy Theorem
- Forms of Energy
- Mechanical Energy
- Power
- Simple Machines
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- The Journey Beyond
Chapter 8: Journey Inside the AtomII: Matter - Its Nature and Behaviour
- Chapter opener
- Rediscovering the Roots of Atomic Theory
- A Short Historical Journey Through Atomic Models
- What Components Contribute to the Mass of an Atom?
- Symbols of Elements
- Atomic Number
- Mass Number
- How Are Electrons Distributed in Different
- Combining Capacity of an Atom: Valency
- A Deeper Look into Atomic Structure
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- The Journey Beyond
Chapter 9: Atomic Foundations of MatterII: Matter - Its Nature and Behaviour
- Chapter opener
- Law of Conservation of Mass
- Law of Constant Proportions
- Dalton’s Atomic Theory
- How Atoms Combine?
- Writing Chemical Formulae
- Properties of the Ionic and the Covalent Compounds
- Molecular Mass of Covalent Compounds
- Formula Unit Mass of Ionic Compounds
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- The Journey Beyond
Chapter 10: Sound Waves: Characteristics and ApplicationsIII: Motion, Force, Work and Sound
- Production of Sound
- Propagation of Sound
- Sound Waves
- Energy of Sound Waves
- Graphical Representation of a Sound Wave
- Characteristics of a Sound Wave
- Reflection of Sound
- Ultrasonic and Infrasonic Waves, and their Applications
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- The Journey Beyond
Chapter 11: Reproduction: How Life ContinuesI: World of Living
- Chapter opener
- Asexual Reproduction
- Sexual Reproduction
- Sexual Reproduction in Animals
- Variations in Reproduction in Animals
- Reproduction in Human Beings
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- The Journey Beyond
Chapter 12: Patterns in Life: Diversity and ClassificationI: World of Living
- Chapter opener
- India as a Biodiversity Hotspot
- How has the Biodiversity Evolved?
- How to Classify Organisms?
- The Need for Classification
- Biological Classification Systems Over Time
- Five Kingdom Classification
- Adaptations as Outcomes of Structural Change
- Scientific Naming — The Binomial System
- Fossils as Evidence
- Biodiversity Under Threat
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- The Journey Beyond
Chapter 13: Earth as a System: Energy, Matter, and LifeIV: Earth as a system
- Chapter opener
- Uneven Heating of the Earth
- Uneven Heating Causes Wind and Ocean Currents
- Biogeochemical Cycles
- Human Impact on Earth’s Processes
- At a Glance (chapter summary)
- Revise, Reflect, Refine (exercises)
- The Journey Beyond
- Ready for New Horizons?
Free sample questions
Three sample questions with answers. Full explanations — and the rest of the question bank — are free to read after you sign up.
Q2. Which structural feature of the epithelial tissue lining the blood vessels and lungs makes it suitable for the rapid diffusion of liquids and gases?
- Many layers of tightly packed flat cells
- A single layer of thin, flat cells
- A single layer of tall, pillar-like cells with hair-like structures
- Cells with long hair-like cilia for sensing
Show answer
Correct answer: B. A single layer of thin, flat cells
🔒 The full explanation is free to read after you sign up →
Q3. The Indian botanist Arun Kumar Sharma is known for his work on
- the Golgi apparatus in nerve cells
- the discovery of cells in cork
- the statement that new cells arise from existing cells
- chromosomes of plants
Show answer
Correct answer: D. chromosomes of plants
🔒 The full explanation is free to read after you sign up →
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Chapter lists follow the NCERT textbooks as available to us; textbooks are revised from time to time, so confirm on ncert.nic.in.